Backhoe Loader

An backhoe loader chinhu chimwe chete chinoumbwa nezvidimbu zvitatu zvemichina yekuvaka. Inowanzozivikanwa se "busy kumativi ose maviri". Panguva yekuvaka, mushandisi anongoda kushandura chigaro kuti achinje kupera kwekushanda. Basa guru rebackhoe loader nderokuchera migero yekufambisa pombi uye tambo dzepasi pevhu, kuisa nheyo dzezvivakwa uye kumisikidza madhiraivha.

Chikonzero chikuru che backhoe loaders chiri panzvimbo dzese dzekuvaka imhaka yekuda kwekuchera nekufambisa tsvina kumapurojekiti akasiyana. Nepo mamwe maturusi mazhinji achigona kuita basa rakadai, backhoe loader inogona kuwedzera kugona kwako zvakanyanya. Mukuenzanisa, backhoe loaders yakawanda compact pane yakakura, imwe-chinangwa midziyo yakadai sevanochera. Uye ivo vanogona zvakare kutamiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuvaka uye kunyange kumhanya munzira. Kunyange zvazvo imwe mini loader uye midziyo yekuchera inogona kuva duku kudarika backhoe loader, kushandisa backhoe loader inogona kuchengetedza nguva yakawanda nemari kana kontrakiti ari kuita zvose zvekuchera uye kurodha.
An backhoe loader inosanganisira: powertrain, kurodha kupera, uye kupera kwekuchera. Chidimbu chega chega chemidziyo chakagadzirirwa rudzi rwakati rwebasa. Panzvimbo yekuvaka yakajairika, vanochera mavhu vanowanzoda kushandisa zvikamu zvitatu kuti basa riitwe.

Powertrain
Iyo yakakosha chimiro chebackhoe loader ndiyo powertrain. Iyo powertrain yebackhoe loader yakagadzirirwa kuti imhanye zvakasununguka munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaoma. Inosanganisira injini ine simba returbodiesel, matai mahombe akadzika mazino uye kabhu ine zvidzoreso zvekutyaira (chidhiraivho, mabhureki, nezvimwewo).
Iyo inotakura inounganidzwa pamberi pemidziyo uye iyo yekuchera inounganidzwa kumashure. Izvi zvikamu zviviri zvinopa mabasa akasiyana zvachose. Vanotakura vanogona kuita akawanda akasiyana mabasa. Mune akawanda maapplication, unogona kufunga nezvayo sehombe hombe guruva kana kofi scoop. Kazhinji haishandiswe pakuchera, asi inonyanya kushandiswa kunhonga nekufambisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasununguka. Neimwe nzira, inogona kushandiswa kusunda ivhu segejo, kana kutsvedzerera pasi sebhata pachingwa. Mushandisi anogona kudzora chinotakura paanenge achityaira tirakita.
Iyo yekuchera ndiyo chishandiso chikuru chebackhoe loader. Inogona kushandiswa kuchera zvinhu zvakakora, zvakaoma (kazhinji ivhu) kana kusimudza zvinhu zvinorema (sesewer box culverts). Anochera anogona kusimudza zvinhu uye kurongedza padivi pegomba. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chekuchera isimba, guru ruoko kana kuti chigunwe, icho chine zvikamu zvitatu: boom, bhaketi, uye bhaketi.
Zvimwe zvekuwedzera zvinowanzo wanikwa pabackhoe loaders zvinosanganisira tsoka mbiri dzakadzikama kuseri kwemavhiri ekumashure. Idzi tsoka dzakakosha pakushanda kwemucheri. Tsoka dzinotora kukanganiswa kwehuremu hwemucheri sezvainoita mabasa ekuchera. Pasina kudzikamisa tsoka, uremu hwemutoro unorema kana simba repasi rekuchera rinokuvadza mavhiri nematai, uye tirakita yese inobhururuka ichikwira nekudzika. Tsoka dzakadzikama dzinoita kuti tarakita igadzikane uye kuderedza simba rekuita rinogadzirwa kana mucheri achichera. Tsoka dzinodzikamisa zvakare dzinochengetedza tirakita kuti isatsvedza mumakomba kana mumapako.
nzira dzekushandisa dzakachengeteka
1. Usati wachera ne-backhoe loader, muromo nemakumbo ebhakiti rinotakura zvinofanira kugadziriswa pasi, kuitira kuti mavhiri epamberi uye kumashure zvishoma kubva pasi, uye fuselage inofanira kuchengetwa pamwero kuti uvandudze kugadzikana kwe muchina. Pamberi pekuchera, bhakiti rinotakura rinofanira kushandurwa kuitira kuti muromo webhakiti utarise pasi uye mavhiri epamberi zvishoma kubva pasi. Dzvinya uye kiya brake pedal, wobva wawedzera zvinobuda kuti usimudze mavhiri ekumashure kubva pasi uye chengetedza nzvimbo yakachinjika.
2. Kana iyo boom ikangoerekana yabhureki panguva yekudzika kwayo, simba rekuita rinokonzerwa neinertia yaro richakuvadza mudziyo wekuchera uye kuparadza kugadzikana kwemuchina, zvichikonzera tsaona yekudonha. Panguva yekushanda, mubato wekutonga unofanirwa kugadzikana uye haufaniri kufamba zvakasimba; boom haifanirwe kubhureki nepakati kana ichidzika. Usashandise giya rakakwirira paunenge uchichera. Iko kutenderera kunofanirwa kuve kwakatsetseka, pasina kukanganisa uye kushandiswa kupuruzira mativi emugero. Iyo buffer block kumucheto kumashure kwe boom inofanira kuchengetedzwa yakasimba; kana yakakanganiswa, inofanira kugadziriswa isati yashandiswa. Paunenge uchishandura, chigadziro chekuchera chinofanira kunge chiri munharaunda yekufambisa kwepakati, makumbo anofanira kudzorerwa, uye ruoko runosimudza runofanira kusimudzwa rusati rwaenderera mberi.
3. Usati watakura mabasa, nzira yekuuraya yemudziyo wekuchera inofanira kuiswa panzvimbo yepakati uye yakagadziriswa nendiro yekudhonza. Panguva yekutakura, gear yakaderera inofanira kushandiswa. Nzvimbo yekuyangarara yevharuvhu haifanirwe kushandiswa kana ruoko rwekusimudza bhaketi ruchisimudzwa. Mavharuvhu ekugovera eiyo hydraulic control system akakamurwa kuva pamberi mavharuvhu mana uye kumashure mavharuvhu mana. Mavharuvhu mana epamberi anodzora vanobuda, kusimudza maoko uye kurodha mabhaketi, nezvimwewo, uye anoshandiswa kune outrigger kuwedzera uye kurodha mabasa; mavharuvhu mana ekumashure anoshandisa mabhaketi, kuuraya, uye zvikamu zvinofamba. Zvombo uye zvibatiso zvebhaketi, nezvimwewo, zvinoshandiswa kutenderera nekuchera mabasa. Kuita kwesimba kwemuchina uye kugona kweiyo hydraulic system haibvumire uye hazvigoneke kuita kurodha nekuchera mavhisi panguva imwe chete.
4. Kana mavharuvhu mana ekutanga ari kushanda, mavharuvhu mana ekupedzisira haafaniri kushanda panguva imwe chete. Panguva yekutyaira kana kushanda, hapana munhu anotenderwa kugara kana kumira chero papi pane backhoe loader kunze kwekunze kwekombi.
5. Kazhinji, ma backhoe loaders anoshandisa matirakita ane mavhiri seinjini huru, uye akashongedzerwa nemichina yekutakurisa uye yekuchera kumberi nekumashure zvichiteerana, izvo zvinowedzera kureba nekurema kwemuchina. Naizvozvo, dzivisa kumhanya kwakanyanya kana kukona zvakanyanya paunenge uchityaira kudzivirira tsaona. Usatenderere usina kwawakarerekera paunenge uchidzika. Kana iyo hydraulic piston tsvimbo yebhaketi uye bhakiti mubato inochengetedzwa munzvimbo yakawedzerwa yakazara, bhaketi rinogona kuunzwa pedyo neboom, uye mudziyo wekuchera uri mupfupi mamiriro, ayo anobatsira kufamba. Paunenge uchityaira, vanobuda kunze vanofanirwa kudzoserwa zvizere, chigadziro chekuchera chinofanira kusimbiswa zvakasimba, chigadziro chekutakura chinofanira kuderedzwa, uye bhakiti uye bhakiti rinobata hydraulic piston rods rinofanira kuramba riri munzvimbo yakawedzerwa.
6. Mushure mekunge terekta ine mavhiri yashandurwa kuita backhoe loader, uremu hwetirakita hunowedzera zvakanyanya. Kuti kuderedze kukuvadzwa kwematairi pasi pemutoro unorema, matanho anotorwa kuchengetedza mavhiri ekumashure kubva pasi kana kupaka. Kana nguva yekupaka inopfuura, vanobuda vanofanira kusimudzwa kuti vasimudze mavhiri kumashure kubva pasi; kana nguva yekupaka inopfuura, mavhiri ekumashure anofanirwa kusimudzwa kubva pasi uye anofanirwa kutsigirwa nemapadhi pasi pekumiswa kwemashure.